9.22.11+-+Embryology+of+the+Gastrointestinal+Tract

Be able to define:

Hepatic diverticulum (liver bud)

Umbilical herniation (a physiological herniation) Lesser Sac and Greater Sac of peritoneal cavity Omphalocele and Gastroschisis

Meckel’s Diverticulum (an ileal diverticulum) Duodenal Stenosis

Annular Pancreas

Biliary Atresia

Volvulus

Urorectal Septum

Proctodeum (Like the Stomodeum, it is ectodermal) Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Imperforate Anus

Rectourethral and Rectovaginal Fistulas

Anal and Rectal Stenosis

Anal and Rectal Atresias

Be able to describe:

the derivatives of the Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut

how the spleen and stomach differentiate

(they turn clockwise, or “to the right”— from the embryo’s point of view)

how the greater omentum is made of four layers of splanchnic mesothelium

how the duodenum, pancreas, and gall bladder differentiate

how the midgut loop develops into the intestines (herniation and rotation)

why the pancreas, duodenum, ascending and descending colon are "considered retroperitoneal”

the fate of the dorsal mesentery of the midgut (which regions persist?)

how the epiploic foramen forms (in general terms; what are its boundaries?)

what may happen when the yolk stalk (vitelline duct) persists

the consequences of diaphragmatic hernia

the results of errors in canalization during gut formation (stenosis, atresia)

the consequences of malrotation of the gut

how the urogenital sinus is formed

the division of the cloacal membrane

how the anal canal comes to be lined by endoderm and ectoderm (in different regions)