01.06.12+-+Regulation+of+Fuel+Metabolism


 * Regulation of Fuel Metabolism**


 * 1. List the clinical manifestations of high and low blood glucose. Know the structural modification and uses of hemoglobin A1c to assess blood glucose levels**


 * 2. Structurally, biosynthetically, and functionally distinguish between insulin, glucagon, cortisol, and epinephrine**


 * 3. List the differences in glucose transport systems present in muscle, fat, pancreas, and intestinal epithelia and the effect of insulin on them**


 * 4. Differentiate between type I and II diabetes**


 * 5. List the major metabolic consequences of overnight fasting**


 * 6. List additional metabolic changes that occur during longer fasting (starvation)**


 * 7. Contrast the two forms of hexokinase (hexokinase I and glucokinase) in terms of their function in metabolic regulation**


 * 8. Describe the sources of blood glucose during fasting and starvation**


 * 9. List the changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism that occur during starvation. Describe briefly the mechanisms for control of fatty acid mobilization and glycogenolysis prompted by starvation**


 * 10. Describe the significance of the glucose - lactate and glucose - alanine cycles**


 * 11. Metabolically distinguish between fast and slow twitch muscle fibers.**


 * 12. List the changes in sources of blood glucose that occur during exercise.**