11.15.11+-+Cardiovascular+System

X ||= X ||= X || X ||= X ||= X ||=  ||= X ||= X || X ||= X ||=  ||=   ||= X || é X ||= X ||= X ||=  ||= X ||= X || X ||=  ||=   ||=   ||=   || X ||= X ||=  || X ||=  ||= X ||= X ||= é é X ||
 * Tunica (Layer) || Tissue/Cell Type ||= Elastic Arteries ||= Muscular Arteries ||= Arterioles ||= Capillaries ||= Venules ||= Veins ||
 * Intima || Endothelium ||= X ||= X ||= X ||= ê
 * Intima || Subendothelial Connective Tissue ||= é
 * Intima || Internal Elastic Lamina ||= X ||= é
 * Media || Helical Layers (of smooth muscle, reticular fibers, elastic fibers, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins) ||= é
 * Media || External Elastic Lamina ||= X ||= é
 * Adventitia || Perycites ||=  ||=   ||=   ||= é
 * Adventitia || Tunica Adventitia (of fibroblasts, collagen, elastic fibers, maybe vasa vasorum and sympathetic nerve fibers) ||= X ||= é


 * 1) Identify two major divisions of the circulatory system.
 * 2) Heart and Vessels
 * 3) Define the different vessels of the cardiovascular system. Define the terms macrovasculature and microvasculature.
 * 4) Elastic arteries - muscular arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins - large veins
 * 5) Macrovasculature is larger than .1 mm and microvasculature is any vessel smaller than .1 mm in diameter (arterioles, capillaries, and venules).
 * 6) Identify and describe the three tunics forming the walls of blood vessels.
 * 7) Describe the histology and function of elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, venules and veins.
 * 8) List four types of capillaries. Describe their structural and functional differences. Describe the function of capillary endothelia.
 * 9) Name and describe layers of the heart wall. Imagine passing a needle through the heart wall and into the right ventricle. Identify in order, the layers traversed by the needle.
 * 10) Describe the location, structure and functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart.
 * 11) Describe the structure of cardiac valves.
 * 12) Describe the impulse-generating and conducting system of the heart.
 * 13) Describe cardiac innervation by sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Describe the effect of each upon cardiac function.
 * 14) Describe the vascularization of the myocardium.
 * 15) Name two functions of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF).
 * 16) Describe the histology and function of Purkinje fibers.
 * 17) Describe the function and position of stem cells of the CV system.
 * 18) Identify the following microanatomical structures in photomicrographs of histological sections:
 * 19) Heart
 * 20) Endocardium
 * 21) Subendocardial layer
 * 22) Purkinje fibers
 * 23) Myocardium
 * 24) Epicardium (serous pericardium)
 * 25) Subepicardial layer
 * 26) Valve leaflet (aortic or atrioventricular)
 * 27) Elastic artery
 * 28) Tunica intima
 * 29) Endothelium
 * 30) Subendothelial CT
 * 31) Tunica media
 * 32) 40-70 layers of elastic laminae & alternating smooth muscle cells
 * 33) Tunica adventitia
 * 34) Vasa vasorum
 * 35) Muscular artery
 * 36) Tunica intima
 * 37) Endothelium
 * 38) Internal elastic lamina
 * 39) Tunica media
 * 40) 3-40 layers of smooth muscle cells & alternating elastic lamellae
 * 41) Tunica adventitia
 * 42) Arteriole
 * 43) Tunica intima
 * 44) Endothelium
 * 45) Internal elastic lamina
 * 46) Tunica media
 * 47) 1-2 layers of smooth muscle cells
 * 48) Tunica adventitia
 * 49) Capillary
 * 50) Tunica intima
 * 51) Endothelium
 * 52) Tunica media
 * 53) Scattered pericytes
 * 54) Tunica adventitia
 * 55) Venule
 * 56) Tunica intima
 * 57) Endothelium
 * 58) Tunica media (scattered pericytes or smooth muscle cells)
 * 59) Tunica adventitia
 * 60) Vein (large)
 * 61) Tunica intima
 * 62) Endothelium
 * 63) Tunica media
 * 64) Thin layer with circular smooth muscle cells
 * 65) Tunica adventitia
 * 66) Thick layer with longitudinal smooth muscle bundles