01.04.12+-+Electron+Transport+and+Oxidative+Phosphorylation


 * Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation**


 * 1. Distinguish between the mechanisms by which NADH and ADP can enter mitochondria**


 * 2. Define what is meant by an oxidation/reduction potential. Predict the relative electron affinity for a given electron acceptor/donor pair from its oxidation- reduction potential**


 * 3. Differentiate structurally between ubiquinol (coenzyme Q) and cytochromesin terms of their macromolecular structure, interaction with the membrane bilayer, nature of the electron-carrying group, and number of electrons carried by each**


 * 4. Name the four multi-subunit protein complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and know which of these are proton pumps**


 * 5. Describe the three essential features of chemiosmotic coupling as it applies to the respiratory chain. Know what is meant by proton motive force**


 * 6. Distinguish between membranous and extra-membranous subunits of ATP synthase with respect to structure/function. Describe why ATP synthase is considered a rotary motor. Understand and be able to explain the significance of having three binding sites for ATP in the enzyme**


 * 7. Define what “uncoupler” means and explain how uncouplers work.**


 * 8. Define what is meant by respiratory control and be able to explain its significance in energy metabolism**


 * 9. Distinguish between brown fat and normal mitochondria and describe the principle by which the former can generate heat**


 * 10. Name three RNA species transcribed from mitochondria DNA. What is meant by the term “heteroplasmy”?**


 * 11. Differentiate between germ line and somatic mitochondrial mutations.**


 * 12. Be able to locate the mitochondrial respiratory chain on a diagramatic view of a mitochondrion and to denote the vectorial direction of proton pumping.**