10.7.11+-+The+Hip+and+Gluteal+Region


 * 1.Describe the features of the os coxae that allow it to articulate with the femur, and that serve as important proximal sites of attachment of muscles that move the femur.**

The Acetabulum is a concave almost hemisphere in the lateral side of the os coxae. It is formed at the juncture of the ilium, ischium, and pubic bones; the center of the acetabulum is the point where all three bones point. The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum and labrum


 * 2. Describe those surface features of the femur that serve as important distal sites of muscle attachment. Name the ligaments that stabilize the head of the femur within the acetabulum.**


 * 3. Describe the muscles wholes major roles are listed. Also provide the the nerves that subserve these muscles and the spinal roots from which these nerves arise:**


 * (i) to stabilize the hip joint**

They are the same muscles that rotate laterally (SPOOQI)


 * (ii) to rotate the thigh medially**

3 muscles rotate the thigh medially.

Gluteus Medius - Superior Gluteal N. - L5 Gluteus Minimus - Superior Gluteal N. - L5 Tensor Fascia Latae - Superior Gluteal N. - L5


 * (iii) to rotate the thigh laterally**

Six muscles rotate the thigh laterally. They can be remembered using the acronym SPOOQI.

Superior Gemellus - N. to Obturatur Internus - S1 Piriformis - N. to Piriformis - S1 Obturator Internus - N. to Obturator Internus - S1 Obturator Externus - Obturator N. - L4 Quadratus Femoris - N. to Quadratus Femoris - S1 Inferior Gemellus - N. to Quadratus Femoris - S1


 * (iv) to flex the thigh**

3 muscles flex the thigh. I remember them using IRS.

Ilapsoas - Femoral N. - L1, L2 Rectus Femoris - Femoral N. - L3, L4 Sartorius - Femoral N. - L2, L3


 * (v) to extend the thigh.**

5 muscles extend the thigh. I remember them using BAGSS

Biceps Femoris (long head) - Tibial Division of the Sciatic N. - L5, S1 Adductur Magnus - Tibial Division of the Sciatic N. - L5, S1 Gluteus Maximus - Inferior Gluteal N. - S1, S2 Semitendinosus - Tibial Division of the Sciatic N. - L5, S1 Semimembranosus - Tibial Division of the Sciatic N. - L5, S1


 * 4. Name the one muscle of the gluteal region that serves as its most important landmark for finding the sciatic nerve, the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, the superior and inferior gluteal arteries, and other important structures.**

The Piriformis muscle is the landmark gluteal region muscle. The sciatic nerve comes out into the gluteal region from underneath the piriformis. The piriformis splits the separating superior and inferior gluteal arteries (and nerves and veins). The posterior femoral cutaneous n. first enters the gluteal region inferior to piriformis


 * 5. Describe the role of the gluteus minimus and gluteus medius muscles in walking.**

The gluteus minimus and medius on the side of the body that is planted on the ground need to contract in order to raise the hip on the opposite side of the body that allows the extensors of the walking leg to contract. (i.e. left gluts contract to raise right hip, then right extensors contract and right leg can move forward) Lifts the hip joint while to allow the leg to swing forward. If superior gluteal nn. go dead, the characteristic Trendelenburg sign occurs.

6. Describe the role of the gluteus maximus muscle in the act of rising from a seated to a standing position (or climbing stairs)

7. Describe the vascular supply to the gluteal region.